Evaluation of Dust Emission Properties for Hand-Operated Power Tools and Devices Used for Work on Mineral Materials
Summary Statement
BG BAU report on a joint practice-oriented research project focused on hand-held tools and the effectiveness of their dust controls.
March 2006
Index
Acknowledgements
Kurzfassung
Abstract
Résumé
Abstracto
Abbreviations and denominations
1. INTRODUCTION
2. PROBLEMS – TARGETS
3. LEGAL SITUATION
-
3.1 Mineral dust
3.2 A-dust and E-dust
3.3 Silica dust
3.4 Ordinance of Hazardous Substances
3.5 Tracing background information and hazard evaluation
3.6 BGR 217 – Mineral dust
4. APPROACH AND IDEA OF PROJECT
-
4.1 State of knowledge before starting the project
4.2 Idea of project
4.3 Pre-testing for feasibility
- 5.1 Test methods
5.2 Test bench setup
5.3 Test room
5.4 Sampling devices
5.4.1 Sampling adherent on person
5.4.2 Stationary sampling
5.4.3 Accompanying of measurements by PIMEX-recording
5.4.4 Detection limits
5.5. Measuring uncertainties in the systems
5.6 Duration of exposures during test and in practice
5.7 Test criteria
5.8 Operation guidelines
5.9 Stock listing of all power tool systems and accessories
5.10 Determination of seized resp. cut mass
-
6.0 General concept about presentation and evaluation of measured values
6.1 Wall chasers
-
6.1.1 Test criteria
6.1.2 Carrying out the test
6.1.3 Measured data analysis and evaluation of wall chasers
6.1.4 Additional tests
6.1.5 Conclusion
-
6.2.1 Test criteria
6.2.2 Carrying out the test
6.2.3 Analysis of measured values and evaluation of concrete grinders
6.2.4 Additional tests
6.2.5 Conclusion
-
6.3.1 Test criteria
6.3.2 Carrying out the test
6.3.3 Analysis of measured values and evaluation of diamond cutters
6.3.4 Additional tests
6.3.5 Conclusion
-
6.4.1 Test criteria
6.4.2 Carrying out the test
6.4.3 Analysis of measured values and evaluation of plaster milling machines
6.4.4 Additional tests
6.4.5 Conclusion
-
6.5.1 Test criteria
6.5.2 Carrying out the test
6.5.3 Analysis of measured values and evaluation of orbital and eccentric sanders
6.5.4 Additional tests with orbital and eccentric sanders
6.5.5 Conclusion
-
7.1 General evaluation of all examined categories
7.2 Measurements in practice at building sites
7.3 Influencing factors on dust emission
-
7.3.1 Seizing element (style and size of extraction hood etc.)
7.3.2 Mobile dust removing unit
7.3.3 PIMEX-records (observations)
9. LITERATURE (GERMAN)
Appendix
-
Chart A 1: overview of all measured values
Support for the hazard evaluation Type I and II using the example of wall chasers
figures 7.1.2 - 1 up to 7.1.2 - 3 for differences of samples adherent on person and stationary sampling
figures 7.4 – 5 up to 7.4 – 7 for scatter ranges of values
Chart index
The results submitted have only been made possible by cooperation of many companies and institutions who themselves spent considerable amounts of time, money and effort in general. Therefore, we would like to point out the help of the following:
- The General Union of Employers Liability Insurance Ass.(HVBG) for their financial support of this research project,
- all the manufacturers united in the German Electrical and Electronic Manufacturers Ass.(ZVEI) for providing their power tool systems free of charge and the openminded, positive and constructive cooperation,
- the Institute for Work Safety belonging to professional associations (BGIA), for preparation and analysis of samples and for their outstanding practical and skilled companionship alongside the work,
- all members of the Associated Measurement System for Hazardous Substances (BGMG) participating the project, especially members of the central referee of metrology, measuring procedure and strategy of Professional Association of Construction (BG BAU) for their work performed in Feuchtwangen, which was often a far cry from merely taking samples,
- the members of the Professional Association of Precision Mechanics and Electronics (BGFE), also the members of the Professional Association of Quarry (StBG) for constructive and pleasant cooperation,
- the Bavarian Academy of Construction for their excellent technical support while studies in Feuchtwangen were carried out.
Apart from this, we would like to thank all members of the work alliance called „Promotion of low-dust machines and tools“. Without their continuous, very pleasant collaboration the analysis in front of you would certainly not have been possible.
The authors
The research project was supported with funds from the research fund of the General Union of employer’s liability insurance associations (HVBG).
Support mark: 617.0-FF 241
Authors:
Dipl.-Geogr. Norbert Kluger
Dipl.-Ing. Josef Kraus
Dipl.- Ing. Rosemarie Woelke-Klopsch
Dr. Uwe Musanke
Dieter Höber
- March 2006 -
www.gisbau.de
In vielen Branchen werden handgeführte Maschinen und Geräte eingesetzt, um mineralische Werkstoffe wie Beton- oder Kalksandstein zu bearbeiten. Diese Tätigkeiten können mit der Freisetzung von mineralischem Staub verbunden sein. Die Beschäftigten sind teilweise hohen Staubbelastungen ausgesetzt.
Allerdings gibt es am Markt längst Bearbeitungssysteme (Maschine und Mobilentstauber), die die Staubemission vermindern. Doch deren tatsächliche Wirksamkeit ist in der Praxis bisher wenig bekannt; verlässliche Informationen sind also dringend erforderlich.
Um die Frage zu klären, wie wirksam die heute am Markt erhältlichen Bearbeitungssysteme hinsichtlich der Stauberfassung sind, wurde ein vom HVBG gefördertes gemeinsames praxisorientiertes Forschungsprojekt (ZVEI und Berufsgenossenschaften) durchgeführt. Untersucht wurden rund 100 am Markt verfügbare Bearbeitungssysteme.
Alle Bearbeitungssysteme wurden unterschiedlichen „Maschinenkategorien“ wie Trennschleifer, Mauernutfräsen, Exzenterschleifer oder Putzfräsen zugeordnet und innerhalb der Gruppe nach den gleichen Kriterien untersucht. In einem speziell hergerichteten Prüfraum wurden die einzelnen Bearbeitungssysteme unter praxisnahen Bedingungen untersucht.
Die Untersuchungen im Prüfraum haben gezeigt, dass bei vielen Maschinenkategorien deutlich niedrigere Staubemissionen in der Praxis erreichbar sind, als sie derzeit beobachtet werden. In keinem Fall wurden bei den abgestimmten Systemen auch nur annähernd so hohe Konzentrationen ermittelt, wie sie bei Arbeitsplatzmessungen auf Baustellen mit nicht abgestimmten oder nicht abgesaugten Systemen beobachtet wurden.
Als Ergebnis des Forschungsprojektes liegen nun Informationen zu den untersuchten Bearbeitungssystemen als Hilfen zur Gefährdungsbeurteilung vor und sind frei zugänglich im Internet veröffentlicht (www.gisbau.de).
In many sectors of the industry hand-operated power tools and equipment is used for working on mineral materials such as concrete or lime sandstone. These activities may involve the release of mineral dusts. Employees are sometimes exposed to high levels of dust.
However, power tool systems (machine and mobile dust collector) that reduce the emissions of dusts have been on the market for a long time. Nevertheless, their real effectiveness is not yet fully recognised in practice; authoritative information is urgently required.
To clarify the question as to how effective the power tool systems currently available on the market are in collecting dust, a joint, practice-orientated research project supported by the HVBG was implemented (ZVEI and Professional Associations). Around 100 commercially available processing systems were investigated.
All the systems were assigned to different “machine categories”, such as abrasive cutters, wall chasers, eccentric sanders or plaster milling machines. Within each group the same criteria were used for investigating each system. The power tool systems were tested under practical conditions in a specially arranged test room.
Investigations in the test room showed that, for many machine categories, significantly lower dust emissions are achievable in practice compared to those currently observed. There were no instances of concentrations from harmonized systems even approaching the high levels observed from workplace measurements on sites using non-matched or non-extracted systems.
As a result of the research project, information on the power tool systems that were investigated is now available as an aid to risk assessment. This information is available free of charge on the Internet (www.gisbau.de).
Dans de nombreuses branches, on utilise des machines et appareils électroportatifs pour usiner des matériaux minéraux comme le grès artificiel ou silico-calcaire. Ces opérations peuvent dégager des poussières minérales. Les employés sont en partie exposés à de fortes émissions.
Alors que le marché propose depuis longtemps des systèmes d'usinage (dispositifs de dépoussiérage de machines et dépoussiéreurs mobiles) réduisant l'émission de poussières, l'efficacité réelle de ces équipements dans la pratique reste peu connue. Aussi est-il urgent d'obtenir des informations fiables à ce sujet.
Pour déterminer le degré d'efficacité en matière d'absorption de poussières des systèmes d'usinage commercialisés aujourd'hui, un projet de recherche axé sur la pratique et patronné par la confédération allemande des caisses de prévoyance contre les accidents (HVBG) a été mené en commun (fédération allemande de l'industrie électrotechnique et électronique (ZVEI) et caisses de prévoyance contre les accidents). Cette étude a porté sur environ 100 systèmes disponibles sur le marché.
Les systèmes ont été classés dans diverses catégories de machines, comme par exemple les tronçonneuses, fraises à entailler les murs, ponceuses excentriques ou fraiseuses de crépis, et examinés à l'appui de critères identiques au sein d'un groupe. A l'intérieur d'une chambre d'essai spéciale, les équipements d'usinage ont été testés dans des conditions d'utilisation proches de la pratique.
Les essais accomplis dans cette chambre ont montré qu'il est possible d'atteindre dans la pratique des niveaux d'émission de poussières nettement inférieurs à ceux observés aujourd'hui et ce, pour de nombreuses catégories de machines. Dans aucun cas, le matériel ajusté n'a fait apparaître des concentrations du même ordre de grandeur, ni même approximativement aussi fortes, que celles relevées lors de mesures sur des chantiers où l'on utilise des systèmes non adaptés ou sans aspiration.
Des informations sur les systèmes d'usinage étudiés dans le cadre du projet de recherche sont à présent disponibles comme aide à l'évaluation des risques et peuvent être consultées librement sur le site Internet www.gisbau.de.
En muchos campos de la industria se emplean máquinas y aparatos guiados manualmente para procesar materiales minerales como ladrillos de hormigón o ladrillos silicocalcáreos. Estas actividades se pueden asociar con la emisión de polvo mineral. Los empleados están expuestos en parte a la polución del polvo.
De todas formas en el mercado hay desde hace tiempo sistemas de procesamiento (máquinas y despolvoreadores móviles) que reducen la emisión de polvo. Pero su eficiencia real en la práctica ha sido poco conocida hasta ahora; por tanto se necesitan informaciones seguras urgentemente.
Para aclarar lo eficientes que son los sistemas de procesamiento que se pueden obtener hoy día en el mercado en cuanto al registro de polvo, se llevó a cabo un proyecto conjunto de investigación orientado a la práctica promovido por HVBG (ZVEI y asociaciones profesionales con responsabilidad sobre seguridad industrial). Se examinaron alrededor de 100 sistemas de procesamiento disponibles en el mercado.
A todos los sistemas de procesamiento les fueron asignadas distintas “categorías de máquina” como tronzadora a muela, fresadora de canaleta en muro, amoladora excéntrica o amoladora de limpieza, y fueron examinados dentro del grupo según los mismos criterios. En una sala de pruebas acondicionada especialmente se examinó cada sistema de procesamiento bajo condiciones cercanas a la práctica.
Las investigaciones en la sala de pruebas mostraron que en muchas categorías de máquinas se pueden alcanzar en la práctica emisiones de polvo claramente inferiores a las que se observaban entonces. En ningún caso se determinaron tan altas concentraciones en los sistemas ajustados, ni siquiera aproximadamente, como en las mediciones realizadas en los lugares de trabajo en obras con sistemas no ajustados o no aspirados.
Como resultado del proyecto de investigación ahora se tienen informaciones sobre los sistemas de procesamiento como ayudas para estimar el peligro y están publicadas con acceso libre en internet (www.gisbau.de).
Abbreviations and denominations
Formula symbols | unit | Description |
b | m | Breadth, width |
C | mg m-3 | Concentration |
E | - | Emission rate |
h | m | Height |
l | m | Length |
s | m | Distance |
ηE | - | Capturing rate |
σ | % | Standard deviation |
Indices
E | Emission, emitted |
E | Adjusted |
ER | Covered |
ges | Overall |
max | Maximum |
min | Minimum |
mind | At least |
mittl | Average |
rel | Relative |
zus | Altogether |
Abbreviations, definitions
AGS | Hazardous substances committee |
AGW | Workplace Limit |
A-dust | Respirable dust fraction |
app. | approzimately |
Power tool system | Combination of hand-operated tool and mobile dust removing unit |
Detection limit | Minimal concentration for analytical determination of a substance using a certain procedure (quantitative assay), see also NWG |
BG BAU | Professional Association of Construction |
BG FE | Professional Association of Precision Mechanics and Electronics |
BGIA | Institute of Works Safety belonging to Germanys‘ professional associations center |
BGMG | Measuring system for hazardous substances, run by Germanys‘ Professional Associations Center |
BGR | Professional Society Regulations for Health and Safety at Work |
resp. | Respectively |
E-dust | inhalable dust fraction |
Kat/cat | Category, on some charts spelt KAT (German layout) |
poss | possibly |
GefStoffV | Ordinance of Hazardous Substances |
GISBAU | Information System of Hazardous Substances, given by Professional Society of Construction Industry |
Detection limit | Minimal concentration for detecting (analytically) |
NWG | Detection limit, used as abbreviation |
Tab. | Chart |
TRGS | Technical Regulation for Hazardous Substances |
e.g. | for example |
ZVEI | German Electrical and Electronic Manufacturers Association |